References: 

1.  Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca Siegel, Elizabeth Ward, Yongping Hao, Jiaquan Xu, Taylor Murray and Michael J. Thun. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:71-96.

2.  Zincke H, Oesterling JE, Blute ML, et al. Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. J Urol 1994;152:1850-1857. 

3.  Gerber HD et al. Disease-specific survival following routine prostate cancer screening by digital rectal examination. JAMA 269(1): 61-64, 1993.

4.  Chodak GW et al.  Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 330 (4): 242-248, 1994.

5. Hull GW, Rabbani F, Abbas F, et al. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urol 2002;167:528-534.

6.  Kupelian PA et al. Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: a large single-institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 20(16): 3376-3385, 2002.

7.  Kupelian PA, Potters L, Khuntia D, et al. Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy <72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy > or =72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;58:25-33.

8.  Potosky AL, Davis WW, Hoffman RM, et al. Five-year outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the prostate cancer outcomes study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1358-1367.

9.  Leandri et al. Radical retropubic prostatectomy: morbidity and quality of life. Experience with 620 consecutive cases. J Uro. 1992 Mar; 47(3 Pt. 2): 883-7.

10.  Badani KK, Kaul S, Menon M. Evolution of robotic radical prostatectomy: assessment after 2766 procedures. Cancer 2007;110:1951-1958.

11. Madeb R, Golijanin D, Knopf J, et al. Patient-reported validated functional outcome after extraperitoneal robotic-assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Jsls 2007;11:443-448.

12. Patel VR, Thaly R, Shah K. Robotic radical prostatectomy: outcomes of 500 cases. BJU Int 2007;99:1109-1112.

13.  Bagshaw MA, Kaplan ID, Cox RC. Prostate cancer. Radiation therapy for localized disease. Cancer 1993;71:939-952.

14.  Ray GR et al. Definitive radiation therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. A report on 15 years of experience. 1973. J Urol 167: 990-998, 2002.

15.  Hanks GE et al. Dose response in prostate cancer with 8-12 years' follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54(2); 427-435, 2002.

16.  Chuba PJ, Moughan J, Forman JD, et al. The 1989 patterns of care study for prostate cancer: five-year outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50:325-334.

17.  Anderson PR et al. Outcome and predictive factors for patients with Gleason score 7 prostate carcinoma treated with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy. Cancer 89(12): 2565-2569, 2000.

18.  Shipley WU, Thames HD, Sandler HM, et al. Radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: a multi-institutional pooled analysis. JAMA 1999;281:1598-1604.

19.  Grimm PD, Blasko JC, Sylvester JE, et al. 10-year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with (125)I brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51:31-40.

20. Blasko JC, Grimm PD, Sylsvester JE, et al. The role of external beam radiotherapy with I-125/Pd-103 brachytherapy for prostate carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2000;57:273-278.

21.  Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1250-1261.

22.  Demanes DJ, Rodriguez RR, Schour L, et al. High-dose-rate intensity-modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: California endocurietherapy's 10-year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61:1306-1316.

23. Demanes D, Altieri G, Barnaba M, et al. High dose rate (HDR) monotherapy is equivalent to combined HDR brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for early prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;66:S351.

24.  Schour L., High Dose Rate Monotherapy for Prostate Cancer  Int. J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63(Supplement 1) S315, 2005.

25.  Eulau, SM., High dose rate 192Itidium brachytherapy in localized prostate cancer: Results and toxicity with maximum follow-up of 10 years Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48: 149, 2000.

26.  Grills IS, Martinez AA, Hollander M, et al. High dose rate brachytherapy as prostate cancer monotherapy reduces toxicity compared to low dose rate palladium seeds. J Urol 2004;171:1098-1104.

27.  Fuller DB, Naitoh J, Lee C, et al. Virtual HDR CyberKnife treatment for localized prostatic carcinoma: dosimetry comparison with HDR brachytherapy and preliminary clinical observations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;70:1588-1597.

28. Hara W, Patel D, Pawlicki T, et al. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for prostate cancer: early results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;66:S324-325.

29. Han M, Partin AW, Pound CR, et al. Long-term biochemical disease-free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. The 15-year Johns Hopkins experience. Urol Clin North Am 2001;28:555-565.

30. Shaida N, Malone PR. Open versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The case for open radical prostatectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007;89:108-110; discussion 108.

31. Olsson LE, Salomon L, Nadu A, et al. Prospective patient-reported continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Urology 2001;58:570-572.

32. Menon M, Shrivastava A, Kaul S, et al. Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy: contemporary technique and analysis of results. Eur Urol 2007;51:648-657; discussion 657-648.